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Plugins API

Every plugin is a plain Python module that follows a small contract rather than subclassing a base class. A module is loaded if it exposes a NAME string and a handle(cmd, core) function; the optional setup(core) hook runs once at startup, and COMMANDS/DESCRIPTION feed the help screen.

classDiagram
    class PluginContract {
        <<protocol>>
        +str NAME
        +str DESCRIPTION
        +list COMMANDS
        +setup(core)
        +handle(cmd, core)
    }
    class base
    class sleep
    class system
    class media
    class files
    class apps
    class browser
    class dictation
    class mousegrid
    class headtrack

    PluginContract <|.. base
    PluginContract <|.. sleep
    PluginContract <|.. system
    PluginContract <|.. media
    PluginContract <|.. files
    PluginContract <|.. apps
    PluginContract <|.. browser
    PluginContract <|.. dictation
    PluginContract <|.. mousegrid
    PluginContract <|.. headtrack

    note for base "zz_base.py — loads last; help and exit fallback"
    note for mousegrid "00_mousegrid.py — numeric prefix loads it early"
    note for headtrack "00_eyetrack.py — numeric prefix loads it early"

handle returns True when it consumed the command, False to signal the daemon to exit, or None to pass the command to the next plugin. Load order is alphabetical, so numeric prefixes (00_) load a plugin early and the zz_ prefix loads the base plugin last as the catch-all for help and exit.

base (zz_base)

plugins.zz_base

Base Plugin - Help and Exit.

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/zz_base.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Handle the help and exit commands; return None to pass others through.

Returns False to signal the daemon to exit, True if help was shown, or None when the command is for another plugin.

Source code in src/plugins/zz_base.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Handle the help and exit commands; return None to pass others through.

    Returns False to signal the daemon to exit, True if help was shown, or None when the
    command is for another plugin.
    """
    cmd_lower = cmd.lower().strip()

    if cmd_lower in ["require wake word", "require the wake word"]:
        core.require_wake_word = True
        core.speak("Modes now wait for the wake word.")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["free listening", "stop requiring wake word"]:
        core.require_wake_word = False
        core.speak("Modes now take commands on their own.")
        return True

    # Exit - but NOT if it's "quit tracking" etc
    if "tracking" not in cmd_lower:
        if cmd_lower in ["exit", "quit", "goodbye", "bye"]:
            core.speak("Goodbye.")
            return False  # Signal to exit
        # Also match "jarvis quit" etc
        if any(cmd_lower.endswith(x) for x in [" exit", " quit"]):
            core.speak("Goodbye.")
            return False

    # Help
    if "help" in cmd_lower or "what can you do" in cmd_lower:
        show_help(core)
        return True

    return None  # Not handled

show_help 

show_help(core)

List every plugin's commands on the terminal.

Printed rather than logged: it is the direct reply to an explicit "help" request (the spoken reply tells the user to read the terminal), so it must appear regardless of the configured log verbosity.

Source code in src/plugins/zz_base.py 
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def show_help(core):
    """List every plugin's commands on the terminal.

    Printed rather than logged: it is the direct reply to an explicit "help"
    request (the spoken reply tells the user to read the terminal), so it must
    appear regardless of the configured log verbosity.
    """
    print("\n=== Available Commands ===")  # noqa: T201
    for plugin in core.plugins:
        if hasattr(plugin, "COMMANDS"):
            print(f"\n{plugin.NAME}:")  # noqa: T201
            for cmd in plugin.COMMANDS:
                print(f"  • {cmd}")  # noqa: T201
    print()  # noqa: T201
    core.speak("Check the terminal for available commands.")

sleep

plugins.sleep

Sleep Plugin - Deactivate the assistant by voice.

"Go to sleep" (or "stop listening") releases the microphone and stops wake-word detection until the user reactivates EasySpeak from the GNOME tray indicator or the Quick Settings toggle — whichever the extension is showing, the one way back since voice control is off until reactivated.

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Deactivate the assistant on a sleep phrase; return None otherwise.

Source code in src/plugins/sleep.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Deactivate the assistant on a sleep phrase; return None otherwise."""
    cmd_lower = cmd.lower().strip()
    if any(phrase in cmd_lower for phrase in SLEEP_PHRASES):
        core.speak("Voice control turned off.")
        core.deactivate()
        return True
    return None

system

plugins.system

System Plugin - Volume, brightness, do not disturb.

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

volume_up 

volume_up(core)

Raise the volume one step.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def volume_up(core):
    """Raise the volume one step."""
    _media_key(
        core, KEY_VOLUME_UP, ["wpctl", "set-volume", "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@", "10%+"]
    )

volume_down 

volume_down(core)

Lower the volume one step.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def volume_down(core):
    """Lower the volume one step."""
    _media_key(
        core, KEY_VOLUME_DOWN, ["wpctl", "set-volume", "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@", "10%-"]
    )

volume_mute 

volume_mute(core)

Toggle mute on the default audio sink.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def volume_mute(core):
    """Toggle mute on the default audio sink."""
    _media_key(core, KEY_MUTE, ["wpctl", "set-mute", "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@", "toggle"])

volume_max 

volume_max(core)

Jump near the top (85%, not a blast); no media key does this.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def volume_max(core):
    """Jump near the top (85%, not a blast); no media key does this."""
    core.host_run(["wpctl", "set-volume", "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@", "85%"])

volume_min 

volume_min(core)

Drop low (15%, still audible — not a mute), set directly like volume_max.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def volume_min(core):
    """Drop low (15%, still audible — not a mute), set directly like volume_max."""
    core.host_run(["wpctl", "set-volume", "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@", "15%"])

brightness_up 

brightness_up(core)

Raise screen brightness one step.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def brightness_up(core):
    """Raise screen brightness one step."""
    _media_key(
        core,
        KEY_BRIGHTNESS_UP,
        [*_POWER_SCREEN, "org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.StepUp"],
    )

brightness_down 

brightness_down(core)

Lower screen brightness one step.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def brightness_down(core):
    """Lower screen brightness one step."""
    _media_key(
        core,
        KEY_BRIGHTNESS_DOWN,
        [*_POWER_SCREEN, "org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.StepDown"],
    )

dnd_on 

dnd_on(core)

Enable do-not-disturb by hiding notification banners.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def dnd_on(core):
    """Enable do-not-disturb by hiding notification banners."""
    core.host_run(
        ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.notifications", "show-banners", "false"]
    )

dnd_off 

dnd_off(core)

Disable do-not-disturb by showing notification banners again.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def dnd_off(core):
    """Disable do-not-disturb by showing notification banners again."""
    core.host_run(
        ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.notifications", "show-banners", "true"]
    )

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Route a volume/brightness/DND command; return None if none matched.

Source code in src/plugins/system.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Route a volume/brightness/DND command; return None if none matched."""
    # Volume -- "louder"/"quieter" etc. work on their own, without "volume"/"sound".
    # Match whole words so "silent" doesn't fire on "silently", "softer" on "softest"...
    words = cmd.split()
    if "very" in words:
        if "loud" in words or "louder" in words:
            volume_max(core)
            return True
        if any(w in words for w in ("silent", "quiet", "quieter", "soft", "softer")):
            volume_min(core)
            return True
    louder = "louder" in words
    quieter = any(word in words for word in ("quieter", "softer", "silent"))
    # No spoken feedback for volume/mute: GNOME's native OSD and chime already
    # acknowledge the change (and a spoken reply would be inaudible once muted).
    if "volume" in cmd or "sound" in cmd or louder or quieter:
        if "up" in cmd or louder:
            volume_up(core)
            return True
        if "down" in cmd or quieter:
            volume_down(core)
            return True
        if "mute" in cmd or "unmute" in cmd:
            volume_mute(core)
            return True

    if "mute" in cmd:
        volume_mute(core)
        return True

    # Brightness -- whole-word matching, so "screenshot" isn't read as a screen
    # command and a stray "up"/"down" inside another word can't flip the direction.
    if "brightness" in words or "screen" in words:
        if "up" in words or "brighter" in words:
            core.speak("Brighter.")
            brightness_up(core)
            return True
        if "down" in words or "dimmer" in words or "darker" in words:
            core.speak("Dimmer.")
            brightness_down(core)
            return True

    dnd_named = "do not disturb" in cmd or "dnd" in words
    if dnd_named or "notifications" in words:
        turning_on = "on" in words or "enable" in words
        turning_off = "off" in words or "disable" in words
        if not (turning_on or turning_off):
            return None  # a bare "notifications" says nothing about direction
        # Silencing notifications is do-not-disturb ON, so the notifications
        # vocabulary maps the other way round.
        if turning_on if dnd_named else turning_off:
            core.speak("Do not disturb on.")
            dnd_on(core)
        else:
            core.speak("Do not disturb off.")
            dnd_off(core)
        return True

    return None  # Not handled

media

plugins.media

Media Plugin - Playback controls via MPRIS.

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/media.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

get_media_players 

get_media_players(core)

Return the bus names of all running MPRIS media players.

Source code in src/plugins/media.py 
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def get_media_players(core):
    """Return the bus names of all running MPRIS media players."""
    result = core.host_run(
        [
            "dbus-send",
            "--session",
            "--dest=org.freedesktop.DBus",
            "--type=method_call",
            "--print-reply",
            "/org/freedesktop/DBus",
            "org.freedesktop.DBus.ListNames",
        ]
    )
    return [
        line.split('"')[1]
        for line in result.stdout.split("\n")
        if "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2." in line
    ]

media_control 

media_control(action, core)

Send an MPRIS action (play/pause/next/previous) to every running player.

Returns False if no player is running or the action is unknown.

Source code in src/plugins/media.py 
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def media_control(action, core):
    """Send an MPRIS action (play/pause/next/previous) to every running player.

    Returns False if no player is running or the action is unknown.
    """
    players = get_media_players(core)
    if not players:
        return False

    method = {
        "play": "Play",
        "pause": "Pause",
        "next": "Next",
        "previous": "Previous",
    }.get(action)

    if not method:
        return False

    for player in players:
        core.host_run(
            [
                "dbus-send",
                "--session",
                "--type=method_call",
                f"--dest={player}",
                "/org/mpris/MediaPlayer2",
                f"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.Player.{method}",
            ]
        )
    return True

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Map a playback command to an MPRIS action; return None if not media.

The reply now follows the action rather than preceding it: this used to announce "Playing." and return handled even when no player was running, so a command that did nothing at all sounded like it had worked.

Source code in src/plugins/media.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Map a playback command to an MPRIS action; return None if not media.

    The reply now follows the action rather than preceding it: this used to
    announce "Playing." and return handled even when no player was running, so a
    command that did nothing at all sounded like it had worked.
    """
    action = _action_for(cmd)
    if action is None:
        return None  # Not handled

    if not media_control(action, core):
        core.speak("No media player is running.")
        return True

    core.speak(FEEDBACK[action])
    return True

files

plugins.files

Files Plugin - Open folders in file manager.

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/files.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

open_folder 

open_folder(path, core)

Open a folder in the user's default file manager; False if unavailable.

Delegates to xdg-open so whichever file manager the desktop is configured for is honoured, rather than hardcoding one. Launched with a clean environment (see core.host_run) so it doesn't inherit EasySpeak's library paths.

Source code in src/plugins/files.py 
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def open_folder(path, core):
    """Open a folder in the user's default file manager; False if unavailable.

    Delegates to xdg-open so whichever file manager the desktop is configured
    for is honoured, rather than hardcoding one. Launched with a clean
    environment (see core.host_run) so it doesn't inherit EasySpeak's library
    paths.
    """
    expanded = Path(path).expanduser()
    if core.host_run(["which", "xdg-open"]).returncode != 0:
        return False
    core.host_run(["xdg-open", expanded], background=True, clean_env=True)
    return True

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Open a named folder, or the file manager itself; None if neither matched.

Source code in src/plugins/files.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Open a named folder, or the file manager itself; None if neither matched."""
    if not any(verb in cmd for verb in OPEN_VERBS):
        return None

    for folder, path in FOLDERS.items():
        if folder in cmd:
            _open(path, folder, core)
            return True

    if any(phrase in cmd for phrase in FILE_MANAGER_PHRASES):
        _open("~", "files", core)
        return True

    return None  # Not handled

apps

plugins.apps

Apps Plugin - Launch and close applications.

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference and resolve the user's default terminal.

Source code in src/plugins/apps.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference and resolve the user's default terminal."""
    global core
    core = c
    _register_terminal(c)

find_app 

find_app(name, core)

Find app - returns (type, id).

Source code in src/plugins/apps.py 
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def find_app(name, core):
    """Find app - returns (type, id)."""
    if name in FLATPAK_APPS:
        result = core.host_run(["flatpak", "info", FLATPAK_APPS[name]])
        if result.returncode == 0:
            return ("flatpak", FLATPAK_APPS[name])

    if name in LOCAL_APPS:
        return ("local", LOCAL_APPS[name])

    result = core.host_run(["which", name])
    if result.returncode == 0:
        return ("local", name)

    return (None, None)

launch_app 

launch_app(name, core)

Launch the named app (flatpak or local binary); False if not found.

Source code in src/plugins/apps.py 
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def launch_app(name, core):
    """Launch the named app (flatpak or local binary); False if not found."""
    app_type, app_id = find_app(name, core)
    if app_type == "flatpak":
        core.host_run(["flatpak", "run", app_id], background=True, clean_env=True)
        return True
    if app_type == "local":
        core.host_run([app_id], background=True, clean_env=True)
        return True
    return False

close_app 

close_app(name, core)

Close the named app (flatpak kill or pkill); False if not found.

Source code in src/plugins/apps.py 
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def close_app(name, core):
    """Close the named app (flatpak kill or pkill); False if not found."""
    app_type, app_id = find_app(name, core)
    if app_type == "flatpak":
        core.host_run(["flatpak", "kill", app_id])
        return True
    if app_type == "local":
        core.host_run(["pkill", "-f", app_id])
        return True
    return False

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Open or close an app named in the command; return None if none matched.

Source code in src/plugins/apps.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Open or close an app named in the command; return None if none matched."""
    all_apps = list(FLATPAK_APPS.keys()) + list(LOCAL_APPS.keys())

    for app in all_apps:
        if ("open" in cmd or "launch" in cmd) and app in cmd:
            if launch_app(app, core):
                core.speak(f"Opening {app}.")
            else:
                core.speak(f"{app} not installed.")
            return True

        if "close" in cmd and app in cmd:
            close_app(app, core)
            core.speak(f"Closing {app}.")
            return True

    return None  # Not handled

browser

plugins.browser

Browser Plugin - Qutebrowser voice control via IPC.

adblock_method 

adblock_method()

Return the strongest ad-blocking method qutebrowser can actually run.

Ad overlays and newsletter interstitials are numbered like anything else, so they take hint numbers away from the page underneath and a spoken hint lands on a popup instead of the link the user meant. "both" adds Brave's ABP engine, which is what catches those overlays -- but it needs the adblock module, and without it qutebrowser complains on every single page load, which is worse than the ads. Host blocking is built in and needs nothing.

The module has to be importable by the interpreter that runs qutebrowser, which is often not the python3 on PATH: a virtualenv, a distro package, a Flatpak or a Nix build each ship their own. So this asks qutebrowser itself rather than probing a stray interpreter, which answered correctly only when the two happened to coincide. --version lists each optional module as adblock: <version> when present and adblock: no when not, so a leading digit means "both"; installing the module later is still picked up on the next start. That call imports Qt and so is slow rather than instant, so the 15-second timeout is a ceiling for a wedged process, not an expected wait -- past it, host blocking (which always works) is assumed.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def adblock_method():
    """Return the strongest ad-blocking method qutebrowser can actually run.

    Ad overlays and newsletter interstitials are numbered like anything else, so
    they take hint numbers away from the page underneath and a spoken hint lands
    on a popup instead of the link the user meant. "both" adds Brave's ABP engine,
    which is what catches those overlays -- but it needs the `adblock` module, and
    without it qutebrowser complains on every single page load, which is worse
    than the ads. Host blocking is built in and needs nothing.

    The module has to be importable by the interpreter that *runs* qutebrowser,
    which is often not the `python3` on `PATH`: a virtualenv, a distro package, a
    Flatpak or a Nix build each ship their own. So this asks qutebrowser itself
    rather than probing a stray interpreter, which answered correctly only when
    the two happened to coincide. `--version` lists each optional module as
    `adblock: <version>` when present and `adblock: no` when not, so a leading
    digit means "both"; installing the module later is still picked up on the
    next start. That call imports Qt and so is slow rather than instant, so the
    15-second timeout is a ceiling for a wedged process, not an expected wait --
    past it, host blocking (which always works) is assumed.
    """
    try:
        version = subprocess.run(
            ["qutebrowser", "--version"],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            check=False,
            timeout=15,  # seconds
        )
    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return "hosts"  # no qutebrowser, or it hung: host blocking always works
    available = re.search(r"^\s*adblock:\s*\d", version.stdout, re.MULTILINE)
    return "both" if available else "hosts"

required_qutebrowser_lines 

required_qutebrowser_lines()

The config lines EasySpeak needs, suited to what's installed.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def required_qutebrowser_lines():
    """The config lines EasySpeak needs, suited to what's installed."""
    return [
        *REQUIRED_QUTEBROWSER_LINES,
        f"c.content.blocking.method = '{adblock_method()}'",
    ]

set_config_line 

set_config_line(line, *, wanted)

Add or remove one line in qutebrowser's config.py, keyed on its setting.

Returns None when the config can't be written, so the caller can say why.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def set_config_line(line, *, wanted):
    """Add or remove one line in qutebrowser's config.py, keyed on its setting.

    Returns None when the config can't be written, so the caller can say why.
    """
    cfg = Path.home() / ".config" / "qutebrowser" / "config.py"
    try:
        cfg.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        existing = cfg.read_text() if cfg.exists() else ""
        kept = [
            text
            for text in existing.splitlines()
            if _setting_name(text) != _setting_name(line)
        ]
        if wanted:
            kept.append(line)
        cfg.write_text("\n".join(kept) + "\n")
    except OSError as exc:
        logger.warning("Could not write %s: %s", cfg, exc)
        return None
    return wanted

ensure_qutebrowser_config 

ensure_qutebrowser_config()

Bring qutebrowser's config.py in line with what EasySpeak needs.

Preserves everything else the user has written. Tolerates read-only configs (e.g. Nix Home-Manager symlinks into /nix/store): on a write failure we emit a polite note telling the user which lines to add themselves, rather than crashing startup.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def ensure_qutebrowser_config():
    """Bring qutebrowser's config.py in line with what EasySpeak needs.

    Preserves everything else the user has written. Tolerates read-only configs (e.g.
    Nix Home-Manager symlinks into /nix/store): on a write failure we emit a polite note
    telling the user which lines to add themselves, rather than crashing startup.
    """
    cfg = Path.home() / ".config" / "qutebrowser" / "config.py"

    try:
        cfg.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    except OSError as e:
        _note_missing_qb_lines(
            cfg,
            required_qutebrowser_lines(),
            reason=f"could not create {cfg.parent} ({e})",
        )
        return

    try:
        existing = cfg.read_text() if cfg.exists() else ""
    except OSError as e:
        _note_missing_qb_lines(
            cfg, required_qutebrowser_lines(), reason=f"could not read it ({e})"
        )
        return

    wanted = required_qutebrowser_lines()
    lines = existing.splitlines()
    changed = []

    for line in wanted:
        if line in lines:
            continue
        setting = _setting_name(line)
        index = next(
            (
                i
                for i, existing_line in enumerate(lines)
                if _setting_name(existing_line.strip()) == setting
            ),
            None,
        )
        if setting and index is not None:
            lines[index] = line
        else:
            lines.append(line)
        changed.append(line)

    if not changed:
        return

    try:
        cfg.write_text("\n".join(lines) + "\n")
    except OSError as e:
        _note_missing_qb_lines(cfg, changed, reason=f"is read-only ({e})")
        return

    verb = "wrote" if not existing else "updated"
    logger.debug("%s %s (%s)", verb, cfg, "; ".join(changed))

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference and write the required qutebrowser config.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference and write the required qutebrowser config."""
    global core
    core = c
    c.browser_page_js_stale = False
    c.in_browser_mode = False
    ensure_qutebrowser_config()

qb 

qb(command)

Send command to qutebrowser via IPC.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def qb(command):
    """Send command to qutebrowser via IPC."""
    logger.debug("  🌐 qutebrowser :%s", command)
    core.host_run(["qutebrowser", f":{command}"])

qb_open 

qb_open(url)

Open URL in qutebrowser.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def qb_open(url):
    """Open URL in qutebrowser."""
    core.host_run(["qutebrowser", url])

parse_hint_numbers 

parse_hint_numbers(cmd)

Extract hint numbers from spoken words.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def parse_hint_numbers(cmd):
    """Extract hint numbers from spoken words."""
    clean = re.sub(r"[.,!?\-]", " ", cmd.lower())
    words = clean.split()
    digits = [HINT_NUMBERS[word] for word in words if word in HINT_NUMBERS]
    return "".join(digits)

looks_like_hint 

looks_like_hint(cmd)

Check if command looks like a hint number (short, mostly digits/number words).

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def looks_like_hint(cmd):
    """Check if command looks like a hint number (short, mostly digits/number words)."""
    clean = re.sub(r"[.,!?\-\s]", "", cmd.lower())
    # Must be short
    if len(clean) > 6:
        return False
    # Direct digits like "02", "92"
    if clean.replace("o", "0").isdigit():
        return True
    # Check if all words are number words
    words = cmd.lower().split()
    return len(words) <= 3 and all(w.strip(".,!?") in HINT_NUMBERS for w in words)

parse_hint_number 

parse_hint_number(cmd)

Parse spoken numbers into a hint string ('zero two' -> '02').

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def parse_hint_number(cmd):
    """Parse spoken numbers into a hint string ('zero two' -> '02')."""
    # Number word mappings
    NUM_WORDS = {
        "zero": "0",
        "oh": "0",
        "o": "0",
        "one": "1",
        "won": "1",
        "wan": "1",
        "two": "2",
        "to": "2",
        "too": "2",
        "tu": "2",
        "three": "3",
        "tree": "3",
        "free": "3",
        "third": "3",
        "thee": "3",
        "four": "4",
        "for": "4",
        "fore": "4",
        "ford": "4",
        "forth": "4",
        "fourth": "4",
        "far": "4",
        "five": "5",
        "six": "6",
        "sex": "6",
        "seven": "7",
        "eight": "8",
        "ate": "8",
        "eighth": "8",
        "hate": "8",
        "nine": "9",
        "nein": "9",
        "ninth": "9",
        "mine": "9",
        # Tens
        "ten": "10",
        "eleven": "11",
        "twelve": "12",
        "thirteen": "13",
        "fourteen": "14",
        "fifteen": "15",
        "sixteen": "16",
        "seventeen": "17",
        "eighteen": "18",
        "nineteen": "19",
        "twenty": "2",
        "thirty": "3",
        "forty": "4",
        "fifty": "5",
        "sixty": "6",
        "seventy": "7",
        "eighty": "8",
        "ninety": "9",
    }

    result = []
    words = re.sub(r"[.,!?\-]", " ", cmd.lower()).split()

    for word in words:
        # Direct digit
        if word.isdigit():
            result.append(word)
        # Word to digit
        elif word in NUM_WORDS:
            result.append(NUM_WORDS[word])

    return "".join(result)

parse_tab_number 

parse_tab_number(cmd_lower)

The tab number a command names, or None if it doesn't name one.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def parse_tab_number(cmd_lower):
    """The tab number a command names, or None if it doesn't name one."""
    for prefix in TAB_PREFIXES:
        if not cmd_lower.startswith(prefix + " "):
            continue
        number = parse_hint_number(cmd_lower[len(prefix) :].strip())
        if number and number.isdigit():
            return number
    return None

parse_spoken_url 

parse_spoken_url(spoken)

Convert spoken URL to actual URL.

'claude dot ai' -> 'https://claude.ai'.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def parse_spoken_url(spoken):
    """Convert spoken URL to actual URL.

    'claude dot ai' -> 'https://claude.ai'.
    """
    url = spoken.lower().strip()

    # Replace spoken elements
    url = url.replace(" dot ", ".")
    url = url.replace(" slash ", "/")
    url = url.replace(" colon ", ":")
    url = url.replace(" dash ", "-")
    url = url.replace(" hyphen ", "-")
    url = url.replace(" underscore ", "_")

    # Remove remaining spaces
    url = url.replace(" ", "")

    # Add https:// if no protocol
    if not url.startswith("http://") and not url.startswith("https://"):
        url = "https://" + url

    return url

show_hints 

show_hints(core)

Show the numbered hints, reloading first if history navigation broke them.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def show_hints(core):
    """Show the numbered hints, reloading first if history navigation broke them."""
    _reload_if_page_js_is_stale(core)
    qb("hint")

scroll_page 

scroll_page(js, core)

Scroll the page, reloading first if history navigation broke its scripts.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def scroll_page(js, core):
    """Scroll the page, reloading first if history navigation broke its scripts."""
    _reload_if_page_js_is_stale(core)
    qb(f"jseval -q {js}")

listen_for_hint 

listen_for_hint(core, retries_left=3)

Listen for a hint number after showing hints.

retries_left bounds how many times a repeated "numbers" can keep the listener open, so a run of mishearings can't recurse without end.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def listen_for_hint(core, retries_left=3):
    """Listen for a hint number after showing hints.

    `retries_left` bounds how many times a repeated "numbers" can keep the
    listener open, so a run of mishearings can't recurse without end.
    """
    logger.info("  🔢 Say hint number (e.g. 'zero two'), 'exit links' to cancel")
    core.speak("Ready")

    # Small delay to let hints render
    time.sleep(0.3)

    core.speech.drain()
    core.flush_stream()

    # Wait for speech
    first = core.wait_for_speech(timeout=10)
    if not first:
        if retries_left > 0:
            logger.debug("  ↻ No hints appeared; asking again")
            time.sleep(HINT_RETRY_DELAY)
            qb("fake-key <Escape>")
            show_hints(core)
            listen_for_hint(core, retries_left - 1)
            return
        logger.info("  ⏱ Timeout - hints cancelled")
        core.speak("Hints closed")
        qb("fake-key <Escape>")
        logger.debug("  [listen_for_hint returning - timeout]")
        return

    audio = first + core.record_until_silence()
    cmd = core.transcribe(
        audio, prompt="zero one two three four five six seven eight nine"
    )

    if not cmd:
        logger.debug("  [listen_for_hint - no transcription, waiting again]")
        # Try one more time
        first = core.wait_for_speech(timeout=5)
        if first:
            audio = first + core.record_until_silence()
            cmd = core.transcribe(
                audio, prompt="zero one two three four five six seven eight nine"
            )
        if not cmd:
            qb("fake-key <Escape>")
            logger.debug("  [listen_for_hint returning - no transcription]")
            return

    cmd_lower = cmd.lower().strip(".,!? ")
    logger.debug("  ← %s", cmd_lower)

    if cmd_lower in HINT_TRIGGERS:
        if retries_left <= 0:
            logger.info("  ✗ Hints aren't appearing on this page")
            core.speak("No hints on this page")
            qb("fake-key <Escape>")
            return
        logger.debug("  ↻ Showing hints again")
        qb("fake-key <Escape>")
        show_hints(core)
        listen_for_hint(core, retries_left - 1)
        return

    # Cancel
    if cmd_lower in [
        "exit links",
        "exit link",
        "cancel",
        "nevermind",
        "stop",
        "close",
        "exit",
    ]:
        qb("fake-key <Escape>")
        logger.info("  ✗ Hints cancelled")
        core.speak("Hints closed")
        logger.debug("  [listen_for_hint returning - cancelled]")
        return

    # Parse hint number
    hint = parse_hint_number(cmd_lower)

    if hint:
        logger.debug("  🔤 Hint: '%s' → '%s'", cmd_lower, hint)
        qb(f"hint-follow {hint}")
        # Wait for page to load, then clear any stuck state
        time.sleep(1.0)
        qb("fake-key <Escape>")
    else:
        # Try phonetic fallback
        hint = parse_hint_numbers(cmd_lower)
        if hint:
            logger.debug("  🔤 Phonetic: '%s' → '%s'", cmd_lower, hint)
            qb(f"hint-follow {hint}")
            # Wait for page to load, then clear any stuck state
            time.sleep(1.0)
            qb("fake-key <Escape>")
        else:
            logger.info("  ? Heard '%s', which isn't a hint number", cmd_lower)
            logger.debug("  ↪ Not a hint, trying as command: '%s'", cmd_lower)
            qb("fake-key <Escape>")
            handle_browser_command(cmd_lower, core)

    logger.debug("  [listen_for_hint returning - complete]")

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Enter browser mode on a browser command; return None otherwise.

A matching command launches qutebrowser (if needed) and runs the continuous browser-mode loop; reserved global commands (sleep/quit) are passed through. Outside the explicit "open browser", navigation commands are only acted on when a browser is already running, so ambiguous words can't open one.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Enter browser mode on a browser command; return None otherwise.

    A matching command launches qutebrowser (if needed) and runs the continuous
    browser-mode loop; reserved global commands (sleep/quit) are passed through. Outside
    the explicit "open browser", navigation commands are only acted on when a browser is
    already running, so ambiguous words can't open one.
    """
    cmd_lower = cmd.lower().strip(".,!? ")

    # Global sleep/quit commands belong to other plugins; if we matched them as
    # browser commands we would open qutebrowser instead. Let them through.
    if _is_reserved_global(cmd_lower):
        return None

    # Closing the application works from anywhere, and must not then step into
    # browser mode -- there would be no browser left to drive.
    if cmd_lower in CLOSE_BROWSER:
        if not _qutebrowser_running(core):
            core.speak("The browser isn't running.")
            return True
        qb("quit")
        core.speak("Closing browser.")
        return True

    # Already outside browser mode: acknowledge rather than fall through to the
    # "I didn't understand" path, which is what saying it twice used to get.
    if cmd_lower in LEAVE_BROWSER_MODE:
        return True

    # --- Enter browser mode (explicit) ---
    if cmd_lower in ["browser", "browser mode", "open browser", "launch browser"]:
        if core.in_browser_mode:
            return True  # already there; don't stack a second one
        if not _qutebrowser_running(core):
            core.host_run(["qutebrowser"], background=True, clean_env=True)
        browser_mode(core)
        return True

    if not _qutebrowser_running(core):
        return None

    # --- Single browser commands → enters browser mode ---
    try:
        result = handle_browser_command(cmd_lower, core)
        if result:
            logger.info("  → Entering browser mode...")
            browser_mode(core)
            return True
    except Exception:
        logger.exception("  ! Browser error")
        return True

    return None

browser_mode 

browser_mode(core)

Handle browser commands until the user leaves or the mode ends.

Core owns the listening loop (see listen_modal) so the tray keeps working while browser mode holds the microphone, and an unattended session ends on its own instead of leaving the wake word unreachable.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def browser_mode(core):
    """Handle browser commands until the user leaves or the mode ends.

    Core owns the listening loop (see
    [`listen_modal`][core.main.EasySpeak.listen_modal]) so the tray keeps working while
    browser mode holds the microphone, and an
    unattended session ends on its own instead of leaving the wake word unreachable.
    """
    core.speak("Browser")
    logger.info("=== BROWSER MODE ACTIVE ===")
    logger.info("Say commands directly. 'exit browser' to leave.")

    core.in_browser_mode = True
    try:
        _run_browser_mode(core)
    finally:
        core.in_browser_mode = False

strip_filler 

strip_filler(cmd_lower)

Remove a leading filler word Whisper added to the front of a command.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def strip_filler(cmd_lower):
    """Remove a leading filler word Whisper added to the front of a command."""
    for filler in FILLER_PREFIXES:
        if cmd_lower.startswith(filler):
            return cmd_lower[len(filler) :].strip()
    return cmd_lower

handle_browser_command 

handle_browser_command(cmd_lower, core)

Execute a single in-browser command; None if it isn't recognised.

Source code in src/plugins/browser.py 
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def handle_browser_command(cmd_lower, core):
    """Execute a single in-browser command; None if it isn't recognised."""
    cmd_lower = strip_filler(cmd_lower)

    # Said a beat after hint mode already closed; absorbing it beats answering
    # "I didn't understand" to a phrase this plugin owns.
    if cmd_lower in ("exit links", "exit link"):
        return True
    # --- Hints ---
    if cmd_lower in [
        "numbers",
        "number",
        "hints",
        "hint",
        "show numbers",
        "show hints",
        "links",
        "link",
        "blanks",
        "blinks",
        "lynx",
        "lings",
        "lanes",
        "licks",
        "clicks",
    ]:
        show_hints(core)
        listen_for_hint(core)
        return True

    if cmd_lower in [
        "numbers new",
        "number new",
        "hints new",
        "new numbers",
        "links new",
        "link new",
        "blanks new",
        "blinks new",
        "lynx new",
    ]:
        qb("hint links tab")
        listen_for_hint(core)
        return True

    # --- Navigation ---
    if cmd_lower in ["back", "go back", "previous page"]:
        qb("back")
        core.browser_page_js_stale = True
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["forward", "go forward", "next page"]:
        qb("forward")
        core.browser_page_js_stale = True
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["reload", "refresh", "reload page"]:
        qb("reload")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["stop", "stop loading"]:
        qb("stop")
        return True

    # --- Scrolling ---
    if cmd_lower in ["scroll down", "down"]:
        scroll_page(SCROLL_DOWN_JS, core)
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["scroll up", "up"]:
        scroll_page(SCROLL_UP_JS, core)
        return True

    if "page" in cmd_lower and "down" in cmd_lower:
        qb(f"jseval -q {PAGE_DOWN_JS}")
        return True

    if "page" in cmd_lower and "up" in cmd_lower:
        qb(f"jseval -q {PAGE_UP_JS}")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["top", "go to top", "scroll to top"]:
        scroll_page(SCROLL_TOP_JS, core)
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["bottom", "go to bottom", "scroll to bottom"]:
        scroll_page(SCROLL_BOTTOM_JS, core)
        return True

    # --- Tabs ---
    if cmd_lower in ["new tab", "open tab"]:
        qb("open -t about:blank")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["close tab", "close this tab"]:
        qb("tab-close")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["next tab", "tab right", "switch tab", "change tab"]:
        qb("tab-next")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["last tab", "previous tab", "tab left"]:
        qb("tab-prev")
        return True

    tab_num = parse_tab_number(cmd_lower)
    if tab_num is not None:
        if cmd_lower.startswith("close"):
            qb(f"tab-focus {tab_num}")
            qb("tab-close")
        else:
            qb(f"tab-focus {tab_num}")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["undo tab", "restore tab", "reopen tab"]:
        qb("undo")
        return True

    # --- Find ---
    if cmd_lower.startswith("find "):
        query = cmd_lower.replace("find ", "", 1).strip()
        if query:
            qb(f"search {query}")
            return True

    if cmd_lower in ["find next", "next match"]:
        qb("search-next")
        return True

    if cmd_lower in ["find previous", "previous match"]:
        qb("search-prev")
        return True

    # --- Escape ---
    if cmd_lower in ["escape", "cancel", "nevermind"]:
        qb("fake-key <Escape>")
        return True

    # --- Browser config toggles ---
    if cmd_lower in ["software rendering", "fix rendering", "fix the display"]:
        return _apply_config_line(
            core, SOFTWARE_RENDERING_LINE, "Software rendering on", wanted=True
        )

    if cmd_lower in ["hardware rendering", "restore rendering"]:
        return _apply_config_line(
            core, SOFTWARE_RENDERING_LINE, "Hardware rendering on", wanted=False
        )

    if cmd_lower in ["allow ads", "stop blocking ads", "disable ad blocking"]:
        return _apply_config_line(
            core, ADBLOCK_OFF_LINE, "Ad blocking off", wanted=True
        )

    if cmd_lower in ["block ads", "enable ad blocking"]:
        return _apply_config_line(
            core, ADBLOCK_OFF_LINE, "Ad blocking on", wanted=False
        )

    # --- Keystrokes ---
    request = mediakeys.parse_key_request(cmd_lower.split(), BARE_KEYS)
    if request is not None:
        if not mediakeys.press_key(*request):
            core.speak("Keystrokes need GNOME.")
        return True

    # --- Bookmarks ---
    # Save current page as quickmark
    if (
        "bookmark this" in cmd_lower or "save this" in cmd_lower
    ) and " as " in cmd_lower:
        name = cmd_lower.split(" as ")[-1].strip()
        if name:
            core.speak(f"Saved as {name}.")
            qb(f"quickmark-save {name}")
            return True

    # Load quickmark (user-saved)
    if cmd_lower.startswith(("go to ", "open ")):
        target = cmd_lower.replace("go to ", "").replace("open ", "").strip()

        # Check predefined bookmarks first
        for site, url in BOOKMARKS.items():
            if site == target:
                core.speak(f"Opening {site}.")
                qb_open(url)
                return True

        # Try as spoken URL (contains "dot")
        if "dot" in target or "." in target:
            url = parse_spoken_url(target)
            core.speak(f"Opening {url}.")
            qb_open(url)
            return True

        # Don't catch generic "open X" - let other plugins handle it
        # Only use quickmark for explicit "go to X"
        if cmd_lower.startswith("go to "):
            qb(f"quickmark-load {target}")
            return True

        return None  # Let another plugin handle "open X"

    # --- Search ---
    if cmd_lower.startswith(("search ", "search for ")):
        query = cmd_lower.replace("search for ", "").replace("search ", "").strip()
        if query:
            url = f"https://duckduckgo.com/?q={query.replace(' ', '+')}"
            core.speak(f"Searching for {query}.")
            qb_open(url)
            return True

    # --- Phonetic hint selection (LAST - only if nothing else matched) ---
    # Only try hint parsing if it actually looks like a hint
    if looks_like_hint(cmd_lower):
        # Direct digit input (e.g., "02", "92", "0-2")
        stripped = re.sub(r"[^0-9a-z]", "", cmd_lower)
        if stripped.replace("o", "0").isdigit():
            hint = stripped.replace("o", "0")
            logger.debug("  🔤 Direct digits: '%s' → '%s'", cmd_lower, hint)
            qb(f"hint-follow {hint}")
            return True

        # Try phonetic parsing
        hint = parse_hint_numbers(cmd_lower)
        if hint and hint.isdigit():
            logger.debug("  🔤 Phonetic parsed: '%s' → '%s'", cmd_lower, hint)
            qb(f"hint-follow {hint}")
            return True

    return None

dictation

plugins.dictation

Dictation Plugin - Voice to text via AT-SPI.

ensure_gnome_accessibility 

ensure_gnome_accessibility()

Enable GNOME's toolkit-accessibility for the AT-SPI bridge.

Silently skipped if gsettings isn't on PATH or the schema isn't installed (i.e. user isn't on GNOME). Warns if it's present but the flip fails. Tells the user to re-login when newly enabled.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def ensure_gnome_accessibility():
    """Enable GNOME's toolkit-accessibility for the AT-SPI bridge.

    Silently skipped if gsettings isn't on PATH or the schema isn't installed (i.e. user
    isn't on GNOME). Warns if it's present but the flip fails. Tells the user to
    re-login when newly enabled.
    """
    if shutil.which("gsettings") is None:
        return
    schema, key = "org.gnome.desktop.interface", "toolkit-accessibility"
    try:
        current = subprocess.run(
            ["gsettings", "get", schema, key],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            check=False,
        )
        if current.returncode != 0:
            return  # schema missing — not really on GNOME
        if current.stdout.strip() == "true":
            return
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["gsettings", "set", schema, key, "true"],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            check=False,
        )
        if result.returncode == 0:
            logger.info(
                "enabled GNOME toolkit-accessibility — "
                "log out and back in for dictation to work"
            )
        else:
            logger.warning(
                "could not enable GNOME toolkit-accessibility; dictation will not work"
            )
    except OSError:
        pass

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference and enable the GNOME accessibility bridge.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference and enable the GNOME accessibility bridge."""
    global core
    core = c
    c.dictation_last_length = 0
    ensure_gnome_accessibility()
    # Offer dictation to the keyboard (silent) activation path too: core runs
    # this while the hotkey combo is held, with no wake word spoken.
    if hasattr(c, "register_push_to_talk"):
        c.register_push_to_talk(
            lambda should_continue: run_push_to_talk(c, should_continue)
        )

is_exit_phrase 

is_exit_phrase(text)

Whether a dictated utterance asks to leave dictation mode.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def is_exit_phrase(text):
    """Whether a dictated utterance asks to leave dictation mode."""
    return any(phrase in text for phrase in EXIT_PHRASES)

focused_wm_class 

focused_wm_class()

Return the focused window's WM class, or None if it can't be read.

Asks the bundled GNOME extension, the same way the mouse grid asks it for the screen size. Only used to pick the paste chord, so any failure simply means the default one.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def focused_wm_class():
    """Return the focused window's WM class, or None if it can't be read.

    Asks the bundled GNOME extension, the same way the mouse grid asks it for the
    screen size. Only used to pick the paste chord, so any failure simply means
    the default one.
    """
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            [
                "gdbus",
                "call",
                "--session",
                "--dest",
                "org.gnome.Shell",
                "--object-path",
                "/org/easyspeak/Desktop",
                "--method",
                "org.easyspeak.Desktop.GetWindows",
            ],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            check=False,
            timeout=WINDOW_QUERY_TIMEOUT,
        )
    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return None
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return None
    try:
        # gdbus wraps the reply in GVariant tuple syntax: ('<json>',)
        payload = ast.literal_eval(result.stdout.strip())[0]
        windows = json.loads(payload)
    except (SyntaxError, ValueError, IndexError, TypeError):
        return None
    focused = next((w for w in windows if w.get("focused")), None)
    return focused.get("wm_class") if focused else None

paste_chord 

paste_chord(wm_class=UNKNOWN)

Return the evdev keycodes for the paste chord to send.

wm_class is the focused window if the caller already looked it up; reading it again costs a gdbus round trip on the path between speaking and seeing text.

EASYSPEAK_PASTE_KEYS overrides it outright (e.g. shift+insert); otherwise terminals get Ctrl+Shift+V and everything else Ctrl+V. An unknown key name in the override is reported and the default used, rather than silently sending a chord that does nothing.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def paste_chord(wm_class=UNKNOWN):
    """Return the evdev keycodes for the paste chord to send.

    `wm_class` is the focused window if the caller already looked it up; reading it
    again costs a gdbus round trip on the path between speaking and seeing text.

    `EASYSPEAK_PASTE_KEYS` overrides it outright (e.g. `shift+insert`); otherwise
    terminals get Ctrl+Shift+V and everything else Ctrl+V. An unknown key name in
    the override is reported and the default used, rather than silently sending a
    chord that does nothing.
    """
    override = os.environ.get("EASYSPEAK_PASTE_KEYS", "").strip().lower()
    if override:
        codes = [KEYCODES.get(part.strip()) for part in override.split("+")]
        if all(codes):
            return codes
        logger.warning(
            "Ignoring EASYSPEAK_PASTE_KEYS=%r: unknown key. Known keys: %s.",
            override,
            ", ".join(sorted(KEYCODES)),
        )
    if wm_class is UNKNOWN:
        wm_class = focused_wm_class()
    chord = (
        TERMINAL_PASTE_CHORD if wm_class in TERMINAL_WM_CLASSES else DEFAULT_PASTE_CHORD
    )
    return [KEYCODES[part] for part in chord.split("+")]

clipboard_tools 

clipboard_tools()

Return the (copy, paste) commands, or (None, None) if wl-clipboard is absent.

EasySpeak targets Wayland, so wl-clipboard is the only supported tool. Without it there is no way to put text on the clipboard.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def clipboard_tools():
    """Return the (copy, paste) commands, or (None, None) if wl-clipboard is absent.

    EasySpeak targets Wayland, so wl-clipboard is the only supported tool. Without
    it there is no way to put text on the clipboard.
    """
    if shutil.which("wl-copy") and shutil.which("wl-paste"):
        return ["wl-copy"], ["wl-paste", "--no-newline"]
    return None, None

read_clipboard 

read_clipboard(paste_cmd)

Return the current clipboard text, or None if there isn't any.

Read as bytes and decoded here rather than by subprocess, because the clipboard often isn't text at all -- a copied image arrives as PNG bytes, and decoding those as UTF-8 raised straight out of the middle of an insertion and killed dictation mid-sentence.

Non-text content simply isn't preserved: the dictated text still gets pasted, but whatever was on the clipboard is gone afterwards. Restoring arbitrary binary would mean tracking MIME types through both tools, which is a lot of machinery for something a user rarely notices.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def read_clipboard(paste_cmd):
    """Return the current clipboard text, or None if there isn't any.

    Read as bytes and decoded here rather than by `subprocess`, because the
    clipboard often isn't text at all -- a copied image arrives as PNG bytes, and
    decoding those as UTF-8 raised straight out of the middle of an insertion and
    killed dictation mid-sentence.

    Non-text content simply isn't preserved: the dictated text still gets pasted,
    but whatever was on the clipboard is gone afterwards. Restoring arbitrary
    binary would mean tracking MIME types through both tools, which is a lot of
    machinery for something a user rarely notices.
    """
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            paste_cmd, capture_output=True, check=False, timeout=CLIPBOARD_TIMEOUT
        )
    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return None
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return None
    try:
        return result.stdout.decode("utf-8")
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        logger.debug("clipboard holds non-text data; it won't be restored")
        return None

write_clipboard 

write_clipboard(copy_cmd, text)

Put text on the clipboard; False if that failed.

Output goes to /dev/null rather than a pipe. wl-copy forks a daemon to hold the selection for as long as it owns it, and that daemon inherits whatever pipes we hand the parent -- so capturing output makes subprocess.run wait on a process that never exits (CPython bpo-37424). Every copy timed out, and dictation reported that it couldn't reach the clipboard.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def write_clipboard(copy_cmd, text):
    """Put text on the clipboard; False if that failed.

    Output goes to /dev/null rather than a pipe. `wl-copy` forks a daemon to hold
    the selection for as long as it owns it, and that daemon inherits whatever
    pipes we hand the parent -- so capturing output makes `subprocess.run` wait on
    a process that never exits (CPython bpo-37424). Every copy timed out, and
    dictation reported that it couldn't reach the clipboard.
    """
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            copy_cmd,
            input=text,
            text=True,
            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            check=False,
            timeout=CLIPBOARD_TIMEOUT,
        )
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        logger.warning("%s did not finish within %ss", copy_cmd[0], CLIPBOARD_TIMEOUT)
        return False
    except OSError as exc:
        logger.warning("could not run %s: %s", copy_cmd[0], exc)
        return False
    if result.returncode != 0:
        logger.warning("%s exited with code %s", copy_cmd[0], result.returncode)
        return False
    return True

leave_browser_insert_mode 

leave_browser_insert_mode()

Hand qutebrowser back in normal mode once dictation is over.

Insert mode is entered so a paste reaches the page, but leaving the browser in it means every later keystroke is treated as text: hinting and scrolling both misbehave, which looked like dictation breaking the browser on its way out.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def leave_browser_insert_mode():
    """Hand qutebrowser back in normal mode once dictation is over.

    Insert mode is entered so a paste reaches the page, but leaving the browser in
    it means every later keystroke is treated as text: hinting and scrolling both
    misbehave, which looked like dictation breaking the browser on its way out.
    """
    global _left_browser_in_insert_mode
    if not _left_browser_in_insert_mode:
        return
    _left_browser_in_insert_mode = False
    _qb_command("mode-leave")

has_focused_text_field 

has_focused_text_field()

Whether anything is focused that could receive text.

Chromium-based apps accept an AT-SPI insertion and quietly discard it, which is why text goes in by clipboard and paste instead. They do still report which element holds focus, though, so the helper is run with an empty string purely as a question: it finds the insertion point, writes nothing, and says whether there was one.

Any failure answers yes. A probe that can't run is no reason to refuse to paste -- the old behaviour, blind but willing, is the better fallback.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def has_focused_text_field():
    """Whether anything is focused that could receive text.

    Chromium-based apps accept an AT-SPI insertion and quietly discard it, which
    is why text goes in by clipboard and paste instead. They do still report which
    element holds focus, though, so the helper is run with an empty string purely
    as a question: it finds the insertion point, writes nothing, and says whether
    there was one.

    Any failure answers yes. A probe that can't run is no reason to refuse to
    paste -- the old behaviour, blind but willing, is the better fallback.
    """
    return insert_via_atspi("") != NO_FOCUS

insert_text 

insert_text(text)

Insert text into the focused application by pasting it.

The clipboard is put back afterwards, so dictating doesn't quietly cost the user whatever they had copied. Falls back to AT-SPI when no clipboard tool is installed, which is the only case where the old path was ever the better one.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def insert_text(text):
    """Insert text into the focused application by pasting it.

    The clipboard is put back afterwards, so dictating doesn't quietly cost the
    user whatever they had copied. Falls back to AT-SPI when no clipboard tool is
    installed, which is the only case where the old path was ever the better one.
    """
    if not has_focused_text_field():
        return NO_FOCUS

    copy_cmd, paste_cmd = clipboard_tools()
    if copy_cmd is None:
        logger.warning(
            "wl-clipboard is not installed, so dictation is falling back to "
            "AT-SPI, which Chromium-based apps accept and ignore. Install "
            "wl-clipboard for text to reach the browser."
        )
        return insert_via_atspi(text)

    global _clipboard_generation

    target = focused_wm_class()

    saved = read_clipboard(paste_cmd)
    if not write_clipboard(copy_cmd, text):
        logger.warning("Could not put the dictated text on the clipboard.")
        return BACKEND_ERROR

    _clipboard_generation += 1
    chord = paste_chord(target)

    if target in BROWSER_WM_CLASSES:
        _enter_browser_insert_mode()
    logger.info(
        "⌨️  pasting %d chars into %s with %s",
        len(text),
        target or "an unknown window",
        "+".join(
            next(key for key, code in KEYCODES.items() if code == part)
            for part in chord
        ),
    )

    try:
        mediakeys.tap_chord(chord)
    except Exception:
        logger.warning(
            "Could not send the paste keystroke. Dictation needs GNOME's "
            "RemoteDesktop interface, which this session doesn't provide.",
            exc_info=True,
        )
        return BACKEND_ERROR

    logger.debug("pasted into %s", target or "an unknown window")

    _restore_clipboard_later(copy_cmd, saved, _clipboard_generation)
    return INSERTED

atspi_python 

atspi_python()

Path to an interpreter that can actually run the AT-SPI helper, or None.

The helper needs PyGObject and the AT-SPI typelib, which the app's own venv usually lacks. EASYSPEAK_ATSPI_PYTHON lets the packaging point straight at an interpreter that has them (the Nix flake sets it). Otherwise each candidate is probed with the helper's own import chain and the first that works is kept.

Falling back to a bare python3 used to be enough, but only until the daemon was run from an activated virtualenv: python3 then resolves to the venv's interpreter, which has no PyGObject, and dictation transcribed perfectly and inserted nothing.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def atspi_python():
    """Path to an interpreter that can actually run the AT-SPI helper, or None.

    The helper needs PyGObject and the AT-SPI typelib, which the app's own venv
    usually lacks. `EASYSPEAK_ATSPI_PYTHON` lets the packaging point straight at an
    interpreter that has them (the Nix flake sets it). Otherwise each candidate is
    probed with the helper's own import chain and the first that works is kept.

    Falling back to a bare `python3` used to be enough, but only until the daemon
    was run from an activated virtualenv: `python3` then resolves to the venv's
    interpreter, which has no PyGObject, and dictation transcribed perfectly and
    inserted nothing.
    """
    global _atspi_python
    if _atspi_python is None:
        _atspi_python = _find_atspi_python() or False
    return _atspi_python or None

insert_via_atspi 

insert_via_atspi(text)

Insert text via AT-SPI.

Returns one of INSERTED, NO_FOCUS or BACKEND_ERROR so the caller can give feedback that matches the real cause instead of always blaming focus.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def insert_via_atspi(text):
    """Insert text via AT-SPI.

    Returns one of INSERTED, NO_FOCUS or BACKEND_ERROR so the caller can give feedback
    that matches the real cause instead of always blaming focus.
    """
    python = atspi_python()
    logger.info("⌨️  inserting %d chars via AT-SPI (%s)", len(text), python)
    if python is None:
        logger.warning(
            "Dictation needs PyGObject and the AT-SPI typelib, and no interpreter "
            "on this system has both. Install them (Fedora: sudo dnf install "
            "python3-gobject at-spi2-core; Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install "
            "python3-gi gir1.2-atspi-2.0), or point EASYSPEAK_ATSPI_PYTHON at an "
            "interpreter that already does."
        )
        return BACKEND_ERROR

    cmd = [python, ATSPI_HELPER, text]
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
    except OSError as exc:
        logger.warning("dictation backend could not start: %s", exc)
        return BACKEND_ERROR

    if "OK" in result.stdout:
        return INSERTED
    if "NO_BACKEND" in result.stdout or result.returncode != 0:
        logger.warning(
            "dictation backend unavailable (PyGObject/AT-SPI missing): %s",
            result.stderr.strip() or "no detail",
        )
        return BACKEND_ERROR
    return NO_FOCUS

format_text 

format_text(text)

Convert spoken punctuation to actual punctuation.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def format_text(text):
    """Convert spoken punctuation to actual punctuation."""
    text = text.strip()

    # Strip ALL punctuation Whisper auto-adds; only explicit commands add it back
    text = re.sub(r"[.,!?;:]+", "", text)
    text = text.strip()

    # Punctuation replacements - order matters!
    replacements = [
        # Editing commands
        (r"\s*\bspace\b\s*", " "),
        # Sentence breaks - add space after
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnew sentence\b\s*", ". "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnext sentence\b\s*", ". "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnew paragraph\b\s*", "\n\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnext paragraph\b\s*", "\n\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnew para\b\s*", "\n\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnew line\b\s*", "\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bnewline\b\s*", "\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\byou line\b\s*", "\n"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bline break\b\s*", "\n"),
        # Punctuation - include common mishearings
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcomma\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bkarma\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bkama\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcarma\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcalm a\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcalm him\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcalm up\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcome a\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcoma\b\s*", ", "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcalmer\b\s*", ", "),
        (r",\s*\.", ","),  # Fix comma followed by period
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bperiod\b\s*", ". "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bfull stop\b\s*", ". "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\.\s*\.+", "."),  # Multiple periods to one
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bquestion mark\b\s*", "? "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bexclamation mark\b\s*", "! "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bexclamation point\b\s*", "! "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bsemicolon\b\s*", "; "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bsemi colon\b\s*", "; "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bcolon\b\s*", ": "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bdash\b\s*", " - "),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bhyphen\b\s*", "-"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bapostrophe\b\s*", "'"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bopen quote\b\s*", ' "'),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bclose quote\b\s*", '" '),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bquote\b\s*", '"'),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bopen paren\b\s*", " ("),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bclose paren\b\s*", ") "),
        # Common words/symbols
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bat sign\b\s*", "@"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bampersand\b\s*", "&"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bdollar sign\b\s*", "$"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bpercent sign\b\s*", "%"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bpercent\b\s*", "%"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bhashtag\b\s*", "#"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bhash\b\s*", "#"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\basterisk\b\s*", "*"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bstar\b\s*", "*"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bunderscore\b\s*", "_"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bslash\b\s*", "/"),
        (r"\s*,?\s*\bbackslash\b\s*", "\\\\"),
    ]

    for pattern, replacement in replacements:
        text = re.sub(pattern, replacement, text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)

    # Capitalize after sentence endings
    def capitalize_after(match):
        return match.group(1) + match.group(2).upper()

    text = re.sub(r"([.!?]\s+)([a-z])", capitalize_after, text)

    # Capitalize first letter
    if text:
        text = text[0].upper() + text[1:]

    # Clean up extra spaces
    text = re.sub(r" +", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r" ([.,!?:;])", r"\1", text)

    # Fix double periods
    text = re.sub(r"\.+", ".", text)

    return text.strip()

run_push_to_talk 

run_push_to_talk(core, should_continue)

Dictate while the activation keys are held (the silent-activation path).

Mirrors the voice notes loop but is gated on should_continue — a predicate that is True while the keys remain held — instead of a spoken "stop notes": each utterance captured from core is formatted and inserted until the keys are released. The capture waits re-check should_continue so releasing stops dictation promptly.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def run_push_to_talk(core, should_continue):
    """Dictate while the activation keys are held (the silent-activation path).

    Mirrors the voice `notes` loop but is gated on `should_continue` — a predicate that
    is True while the keys remain held — instead of a spoken "stop notes": each
    utterance captured from `core` is formatted and inserted until the keys are
    released. The capture waits re-check `should_continue` so releasing stops dictation
    promptly.
    """
    logger.info("🎙️ Push-to-talk dictation — release to end")
    while should_continue():
        core.flush_stream()
        first = core.wait_for_speech(
            timeout=PTT_LISTEN_TIMEOUT, should_continue=should_continue
        )
        if not first:
            continue
        audio = first + core.record_until_silence(should_continue=should_continue)
        text = core.transcribe(audio, prompt=DICTATION_PROMPT)
        if not text:
            continue
        if _dictate_utterance(core, text.strip().lower()):
            return

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Enter dictation mode on a whole-word "note"/"notes"; return None otherwise.

Matching whole words (not substrings) keeps unrelated words like "notebook" or "noted" from triggering it. While in dictation mode core drives the listening (see listen_modal), transcribing speech and inserting it into the focused field until "stop notes" is heard — or until the mode ends on its own, so an open microphone can't be left dictating unattended.

Source code in src/plugins/dictation.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Enter dictation mode on a whole-word "note"/"notes"; return None otherwise.

    Matching whole words (not substrings) keeps unrelated words like "notebook" or
    "noted" from triggering it. While in dictation mode core drives the listening
    (see [`listen_modal`][core.main.EasySpeak.listen_modal]), transcribing speech and
    inserting it into the focused field until "stop notes" is heard — or until the
    mode ends on its own, so an open microphone can't be left dictating unattended.
    """
    words = cmd.split()
    if ("notes" in words or "note" in words) and "stop" not in words:
        core.speak("Dictation")

        logger.info("🎙️ Dictation mode - say 'stop notes' to end")

        try:
            return _dictation_session(core)
        finally:
            # However the session ended -- "stop notes", an idle timeout, the
            # tray -- the browser must not be left in insert mode.
            leave_browser_insert_mode()

    return None

mousegrid (00_mousegrid)

plugins.00_mousegrid

Mouse Grid Plugin - Voice-controlled mouse via GNOME Shell D-Bus extension.

Features: - Chained numbers: "3 7 5" zooms three times in one utterance - Repetition: "nudge up 5", "scroll down 3" - Drag support: "mark" to start, "drag" to end

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

host_run 

host_run(cmd)

Run a command and capture its output (the plugin's own subprocess seam).

A missing executable returns a failed result (returncode 1) rather than raising, so callers treat an absent gdbus—e.g. on a headless host such as WSL with no GNOME session—as a plain D-Bus failure. Without this the atexit cleanup would raise FileNotFoundError on exit.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def host_run(cmd):
    """Run a command and capture its output (the plugin's own subprocess seam).

    A missing executable returns a failed result (returncode 1) rather than
    raising, so callers treat an absent `gdbus`—e.g. on a headless host such as
    WSL with no GNOME session—as a plain D-Bus failure. Without this the atexit
    cleanup would raise FileNotFoundError on exit.
    """
    try:
        return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
    except FileNotFoundError as exc:
        logger.debug("Command not found: %s", exc)
        return subprocess.CompletedProcess(
            cmd, returncode=1, stdout="", stderr=str(exc)
        )

dbus_call 

dbus_call(method, *args)

Call a method on the grid extension over D-Bus; True on success.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def dbus_call(method, *args):
    """Call a method on the grid extension over D-Bus; True on success."""
    cmd = [
        "gdbus",
        "call",
        "--session",
        "--dest",
        "org.gnome.Shell",
        "--object-path",
        "/org/easyspeak/Desktop",
        "--method",
        f"org.easyspeak.Desktop.{method}",
    ]
    cmd.extend(str(a) for a in args)
    result = host_run(cmd)
    return result.returncode == 0

get_screen_size 

get_screen_size()

Get screen size from GNOME Shell extension (accurate for Wayland).

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def get_screen_size():
    """Get screen size from GNOME Shell extension (accurate for Wayland)."""
    result = host_run(
        [
            "gdbus",
            "call",
            "--session",
            "--dest",
            "org.gnome.Shell",
            "--object-path",
            "/org/easyspeak/Desktop",
            "--method",
            "org.easyspeak.Desktop.GetScreenSize",
        ]
    )

    if result.returncode == 0:
        # Parse output like "((1920, 1200),)"

        match = re.search(r"\((\d+),\s*(\d+)\)", result.stdout)
        if match:
            return int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))

    # Fallback to /sys/class/drm
    for card in [
        "card0-eDP-1",
        "card1-eDP-1",
        "card0-DP-1",
        "card1-DP-1",
        "card0-HDMI-A-1",
        "card1-HDMI-A-1",
    ]:
        result = host_run(["cat", f"/sys/class/drm/{card}/modes"])
        if result.returncode == 0 and result.stdout.strip():
            match = re.match(r"(\d+)x(\d+)", result.stdout.strip().split("\n")[0])
            if match:
                return int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))
    return 1920, 1080

cleanup 

cleanup()

Hide the grid on interpreter exit so no overlay is left on screen.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def cleanup():
    """Hide the grid on interpreter exit so no overlay is left on screen."""
    _release_pending_drag()
    dbus_call("Hide")

parse_number_sequence 

parse_number_sequence(text)

Extract ALL numbers from text as a sequence.

'3 7 5' -> [3, 7, 5].

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def parse_number_sequence(text):
    """Extract ALL numbers from text as a sequence.

    '3 7 5' -> [3, 7, 5].
    """
    # Replace word numbers with digits
    text_lower = text.lower()
    for word, num in WORD_TO_NUM.items():
        text_lower = re.sub(rf"\b{word}\b", str(num), text_lower)

    # Extract all single digits (grid zones are 1-9)
    return [int(char) for char in text_lower if char.isdigit() and char != "0"]

parse_count 

parse_count(text)

Extract a repeat count (for nudge/scroll).

Returns single number or 1.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def parse_count(text):
    """Extract a repeat count (for nudge/scroll).

    Returns single number or 1.
    """
    text_lower = text.lower()
    for word, num in WORD_TO_NUM.items():
        text_lower = re.sub(rf"\b{word}\b", str(num), text_lower)

    match = re.search(r"\b(\d+)\b", text_lower)
    if match:
        return min(int(match.group(1)), 20)
    return 1

parse_direction 

parse_direction(text)

Return the direction (up/down/left/right) named in text, or None.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def parse_direction(text):
    """Return the direction (up/down/left/right) named in text, or None."""
    for direction, words in DIRECTIONS.items():
        for word in words:
            if word in text:
                return direction
    return None

get_center 

get_center()

Return the (x, y) center of the current grid cell, or None if no grid.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def get_center():
    """Return the (x, y) center of the current grid cell, or None if no grid."""
    if not grid_bounds:
        return None
    x, y, w, h = grid_bounds
    return x + w // 2, y + h // 2

show_grid 

show_grid()

Show the full-screen grid overlay (no-op if it is already active).

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def show_grid():
    """Show the full-screen grid overlay (no-op if it is already active)."""
    global grid_active, grid_bounds, screen_size

    if grid_active:
        return

    screen_size = get_screen_size()
    grid_bounds = (0, 0, screen_size[0], screen_size[1])

    if dbus_call("Show", screen_size[0], screen_size[1]):
        grid_active = True
        core.speak("Grid")
        logger.info("Grid shown (%sx%s)", screen_size[0], screen_size[1])
    else:
        logger.warning("Failed to show grid - is extension enabled?")

close_grid 

close_grid()

Hide the grid overlay and clear its bounds.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def close_grid():
    """Hide the grid overlay and clear its bounds."""
    global grid_active, grid_bounds
    dbus_call("Hide")
    grid_active = False
    grid_bounds = None

update_grid 

update_grid(zone)

Zoom to a single zone.

Returns True if successful.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def update_grid(zone):
    """Zoom to a single zone.

    Returns True if successful.
    """
    global grid_bounds

    if not grid_active or not grid_bounds:
        return False

    x, y, w, h = grid_bounds
    zone_w, zone_h = w // 3, h // 3

    zone_map = {
        1: (0, 0),
        2: (1, 0),
        3: (2, 0),  # top row
        4: (0, 1),
        5: (1, 1),
        6: (2, 1),  # middle row
        7: (0, 2),
        8: (1, 2),
        9: (2, 2),  # bottom row
    }

    if zone not in zone_map:
        return False

    col, row = zone_map[zone]
    new_x = x + col * zone_w
    new_y = y + row * zone_h

    # Only clamp if actually going off-screen (shouldn't happen, but safety)
    new_x = max(new_x, 0)
    new_y = max(new_y, 0)
    if new_x + zone_w > screen_size[0]:
        new_x = screen_size[0] - zone_w
    if new_y + zone_h > screen_size[1]:
        new_y = screen_size[1] - zone_h

    grid_bounds = (new_x, new_y, zone_w, zone_h)

    cx, cy = get_center()
    logger.debug("  → Zone %s: %sx%s center=(%s, %s)", zone, zone_w, zone_h, cx, cy)
    return dbus_call("Update", new_x, new_y, zone_w, zone_h)

process_zones 

process_zones(zones)

Process a sequence of zones.

'three seven five' zooms 3 times.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def process_zones(zones):
    """Process a sequence of zones.

    'three seven five' zooms 3 times.
    """
    for zone in zones:
        update_grid(zone)

do_click 

do_click(click_type='click')

Click at the current cell center and close the grid; False if no grid.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def do_click(click_type="click"):
    """Click at the current cell center and close the grid; False if no grid."""
    global grid_bounds, grid_active, last_bounds

    center = get_center()
    if not center:
        return False

    cx, cy = center
    last_bounds = grid_bounds
    grid_active = False
    grid_bounds = None

    method_map = {
        "click": "Click",
        "double": "DoubleClick",
        "right": "RightClick",
        "middle": "MiddleClick",
    }

    return dbus_call(method_map.get(click_type, "Click"), cx, cy)

do_scroll 

do_scroll(direction, count=1)

Scroll count steps at the current cell center; False if no grid.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def do_scroll(direction, count=1):
    """Scroll `count` steps at the current cell center; False if no grid."""
    global grid_bounds, grid_active, last_bounds

    center = get_center()
    if not center:
        return False

    cx, cy = center
    last_bounds = grid_bounds
    grid_active = False
    grid_bounds = None

    logger.debug("  → Scroll %s x%s", direction, count)
    return dbus_call("Scroll", cx, cy, direction, count)

nudge_grid 

nudge_grid(direction, count=1)

Shift the current cell count steps in a direction; False if no grid.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def nudge_grid(direction, count=1):
    """Shift the current cell `count` steps in a direction; False if no grid."""
    global grid_bounds

    if not grid_bounds:
        return False

    x, y, w, h = grid_bounds
    amount = NUDGE_AMOUNT * count

    if direction == "up":
        y = max(0, y - amount)
    elif direction == "down":
        y = min(screen_size[1] - h, y + amount)
    elif direction == "left":
        x = max(0, x - amount)
    elif direction == "right":
        x = min(screen_size[0] - w, x + amount)

    grid_bounds = (x, y, w, h)
    cx, cy = get_center()
    logger.debug("  → Nudge %s x%s: center=(%s, %s)", direction, count, cx, cy)
    return dbus_call("Update", x, y, w, h)

start_drag 

start_drag()

Press at the current cell center and reset the grid to full screen.

Leaves a drag in progress so a later end_drag releases at the new target. False if no grid is active.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def start_drag():
    """Press at the current cell center and reset the grid to full screen.

    Leaves a drag in progress so a later [`end_drag`][plugins.00_mousegrid.end_drag]
    releases at the new target. False if no grid is active.
    """
    global drag_start, grid_bounds
    center = get_center()
    if not center:
        return False
    drag_start = center
    logger.debug("  → Drag start: %s", center)
    dbus_call("StartDrag", center[0], center[1])

    # Reset grid to full screen so user can navigate to destination
    grid_bounds = (0, 0, screen_size[0], screen_size[1])
    dbus_call("Update", 0, 0, screen_size[0], screen_size[1])
    logger.debug("  → Grid reset - navigate to drop location")
    return True

end_drag 

end_drag()

Release a drag and close the grid.

Releases a drag started by start_drag. False if no drag is in progress or no grid is active.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def end_drag():
    """Release a drag and close the grid.

    Releases a drag started by [`start_drag`][plugins.00_mousegrid.start_drag].
    False if no drag is in progress or no grid is active.
    """
    global drag_start, grid_bounds, grid_active, last_bounds
    if not drag_start:
        logger.debug("  → No drag in progress")
        return False
    center = get_center()
    if not center:
        return False
    logger.debug("  → Drag end: %s", center)
    dbus_call("EndDrag", center[0], center[1])
    last_bounds = grid_bounds
    grid_active = False
    grid_bounds = None
    drag_start = None
    return True

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Show or reopen the grid on a trigger word, then enter grid mode.

Returns None for commands that don't open the grid.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Show or reopen the grid on a trigger word, then enter grid mode.

    Returns None for commands that don't open the grid.
    """
    global grid_active, grid_bounds, last_bounds, screen_size

    cmd_lower = cmd.lower().strip()
    words = cmd_lower.split()

    # "Again" - reopen at last position
    if any(w in words for w in ["again", "repeat", "reopen"]) and last_bounds:
        screen_size = get_screen_size()
        grid_bounds = last_bounds
        grid_active = True
        dbus_call("Show", screen_size[0], screen_size[1])
        dbus_call("Update", *last_bounds)
        core.speak("Grid")
        logger.info("Grid reopened at last position")
        listen_for_grid_commands(core)
        return True

    # Show grid
    if (
        any(w in words for w in GRID_TRIGGERS)
        and "close" not in words
        and "hide" not in words
    ):
        show_grid()
        listen_for_grid_commands(core)
        return True

    return None

listen_for_grid_commands 

listen_for_grid_commands(core)

Handle grid commands until the grid closes or the mode ends.

Core owns the listening loop (see listen_modal) so the tray stays responsive while the grid holds the microphone, and an unattended grid times out instead of trapping the session. Any drag still in progress is released on the way out, so a timeout can't leave the mouse button held down.

Source code in src/plugins/00_mousegrid.py 
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def listen_for_grid_commands(core):
    """Handle grid commands until the grid closes or the mode ends.

    Core owns the listening loop (see
    [`listen_modal`][core.main.EasySpeak.listen_modal]) so the tray stays responsive
    while the grid holds the microphone, and an
    unattended grid times out instead of trapping the session. Any drag still in
    progress is released on the way out, so a timeout can't leave the mouse button
    held down.
    """
    global grid_active, drag_start

    if not grid_active:
        return  # the grid never opened (no extension); nothing to listen for

    logger.info("Grid mode: say numbers (e.g. '3 7 5'), nudge, scroll, click, close")

    try:
        _run_grid_mode(core)
    finally:
        _release_pending_drag()
        if grid_active:
            logger.debug("  → Hiding grid left open by an ended mode")
            close_grid()

headtrack (00_eyetrack)

plugins.00_eyetrack

Head Tracking Plugin - Cursor control via SixDRepNet.

Uses a 6D rotation representation for smooth head pose estimation.

OneEuroFilter 

OneEuroFilter(freq=30.0, min_cutoff=1.0, beta=0.007, d_cutoff=1.0)

One-Euro filter for smoothing noisy signals.

Adaptive: smooth when the signal is still, responsive when it moves.

Initialise the filter's cutoff/responsiveness parameters.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def __init__(self, freq=30.0, min_cutoff=1.0, beta=0.007, d_cutoff=1.0):
    """Initialise the filter's cutoff/responsiveness parameters."""
    self.freq = freq
    self.min_cutoff = min_cutoff
    self.beta = beta
    self.d_cutoff = d_cutoff
    self.x_prev = None
    self.dx_prev = 0.0

__call__ 

__call__(x)

Filter the next sample x and return the smoothed value.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def __call__(self, x):
    """Filter the next sample `x` and return the smoothed value."""
    if self.x_prev is None:
        self.x_prev = x
        return x

    # Derivative
    dx = (x - self.x_prev) * self.freq

    # Smooth derivative
    a_d = self._alpha(self.d_cutoff)
    dx_smooth = a_d * dx + (1 - a_d) * self.dx_prev
    self.dx_prev = dx_smooth

    # Adaptive cutoff based on speed
    cutoff = self.min_cutoff + self.beta * abs(dx_smooth)

    # Smooth value
    a = self._alpha(cutoff)
    x_smooth = a * x + (1 - a) * self.x_prev
    self.x_prev = x_smooth

    return x_smooth

setup 

setup(c)

Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def setup(c):
    """Store the core reference for use by the plugin's handlers."""
    global core
    core = c

host_run 

host_run(cmd)

Run a command and capture its output (the plugin's own subprocess seam).

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def host_run(cmd):
    """Run a command and capture its output (the plugin's own subprocess seam)."""
    return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)

dbus_call 

dbus_call(method, *args)

Call GNOME Shell extension for cursor movement.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def dbus_call(method, *args):
    """Call GNOME Shell extension for cursor movement."""
    cmd = [
        "gdbus",
        "call",
        "--session",
        "--dest",
        "org.gnome.Shell",
        "--object-path",
        "/org/easyspeak/Desktop",
        "--method",
        f"org.easyspeak.Desktop.{method}",
    ]
    cmd.extend(str(a) for a in args)
    result = host_run(cmd)
    return result.returncode == 0

get_screen_size 

get_screen_size()

Get screen size from GNOME Shell extension.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def get_screen_size():
    """Get screen size from GNOME Shell extension."""
    result = host_run(
        [
            "gdbus",
            "call",
            "--session",
            "--dest",
            "org.gnome.Shell",
            "--object-path",
            "/org/easyspeak/Desktop",
            "--method",
            "org.easyspeak.Desktop.GetScreenSize",
        ]
    )

    if result.returncode == 0:
        import re

        match = re.search(r"\((\d+),\s*(\d+)\)", result.stdout)
        if match:
            return int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))
    return 1920, 1080

run_tracking 

run_tracking()

Main tracking loop.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def run_tracking():
    """Main tracking loop."""
    global tracking_active, stop_event, cursor_x, cursor_y, frozen

    import cv2
    from sixdrepnet import SixDRepNet

    logger.info("Loading SixDRepNet model...")
    model = SixDRepNet(gpu_id=-1)  # CPU mode

    SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H = get_screen_size()
    logger.debug("Screen: %sx%s", SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H)

    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(1)  # Integrated webcam
    cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 640)
    cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 480)
    cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS, 30)

    if not cap.isOpened():
        logger.error("Cannot open webcam!")
        tracking_active = False
        return

    filter_yaw = OneEuroFilter(freq=30.0, min_cutoff=0.8, beta=0.005)
    filter_pitch = OneEuroFilter(freq=30.0, min_cutoff=0.8, beta=0.005)

    # Rolling average buffers for stable output
    BUFFER_SIZE = 15
    yaw_buffer = []
    pitch_buffer = []

    # Velocity tracking for movement gating
    prev_yaw = None
    prev_pitch = None
    VELOCITY_THRESHOLD = 0.3  # Degrees per frame - ignore movement below this

    # Calibration center
    center_yaw = None
    center_pitch = None

    # Settings
    SENSITIVITY_X = 40.0  # Pixels per degree
    SENSITIVITY_Y = 25.0
    DEAD_ZONE = 3.0  # Degrees - ignore small movements

    # Initialize cursor position
    cursor_x = SCREEN_W // 2
    cursor_y = SCREEN_H // 2

    logger.info("Head tracking started. Look at center of screen...")
    logger.info("Say 'recalibrate' to reset center, 'stop tracking' to end")

    calibration_frames = 0
    calibration_yaw = 0.0
    calibration_pitch = 0.0

    while tracking_active and not stop_event.is_set():
        ret, frame = cap.read()
        if not ret:
            continue

        frame = cv2.flip(frame, 1)  # Mirror

        pitch, yaw, _roll = model.predict(frame)

        if len(pitch) == 0:
            continue

        raw_pitch = -pitch[0]  # Invert: look up = cursor up
        raw_yaw = -yaw[0]  # Invert: look right = cursor right

        # Auto-calibrate on first 10 frames
        if center_yaw is None:
            calibration_yaw += raw_yaw
            calibration_pitch += raw_pitch
            calibration_frames += 1

            if calibration_frames >= 10:
                center_yaw = calibration_yaw / 10
                center_pitch = calibration_pitch / 10
                logger.info("Calibrated: center=(%.1f, %.1f)", center_yaw, center_pitch)
            continue

        # Apply one-euro filter to raw values
        smooth_yaw = filter_yaw(raw_yaw)
        smooth_pitch = filter_pitch(raw_pitch)

        # Add to rolling average buffers
        yaw_buffer.append(smooth_yaw)
        pitch_buffer.append(smooth_pitch)
        if len(yaw_buffer) > BUFFER_SIZE:
            yaw_buffer.pop(0)  # pragma: no cover
            pitch_buffer.pop(0)  # pragma: no cover

        # Use averaged values
        avg_yaw = sum(yaw_buffer) / len(yaw_buffer)
        avg_pitch = sum(pitch_buffer) / len(pitch_buffer)

        # Velocity gating - ignore tiny movements (noise)
        if prev_yaw is not None:
            vel_yaw = abs(avg_yaw - prev_yaw)
            vel_pitch = abs(avg_pitch - prev_pitch)

            # If head is basically still, skip this frame
            if vel_yaw < VELOCITY_THRESHOLD and vel_pitch < VELOCITY_THRESHOLD:
                prev_yaw = avg_yaw
                prev_pitch = avg_pitch
                time.sleep(0.033)
                continue

        prev_yaw = avg_yaw
        prev_pitch = avg_pitch

        # Offset from center
        offset_yaw = avg_yaw - center_yaw
        offset_pitch = avg_pitch - center_pitch

        # Dead zone
        if abs(offset_yaw) < DEAD_ZONE:
            offset_yaw = 0
        else:
            offset_yaw = (
                offset_yaw - DEAD_ZONE if offset_yaw > 0 else offset_yaw + DEAD_ZONE
            )

        if abs(offset_pitch) < DEAD_ZONE:
            offset_pitch = 0
        else:
            offset_pitch = (
                offset_pitch - DEAD_ZONE
                if offset_pitch > 0
                else offset_pitch + DEAD_ZONE
            )

        # Exponential curve - small moves stay small, accelerates toward edges
        # Preserves sign, applies power curve to magnitude
        EXPO = 2.0  # Higher = more acceleration toward edges
        if offset_yaw != 0:
            sign = 1 if offset_yaw > 0 else -1
            offset_yaw = sign * (abs(offset_yaw) ** EXPO)
        if offset_pitch != 0:
            sign = 1 if offset_pitch > 0 else -1
            offset_pitch = sign * (abs(offset_pitch) ** EXPO)

        # Map to cursor position (reduced sensitivity since expo amplifies)
        target_x = SCREEN_W // 2 + (offset_yaw * SENSITIVITY_X / 3)
        target_y = SCREEN_H // 2 + (offset_pitch * SENSITIVITY_Y / 3)

        # Clamp target to screen FIRST
        target_x = max(0, min(SCREEN_W - 1, target_x))
        target_y = max(0, min(SCREEN_H - 1, target_y))

        # Edge dampening - slow down as we approach edges/corners
        EDGE_MARGIN = 150  # Pixels from edge where dampening kicks in
        MIN_DAMP = 0.3  # Minimum speed at very edge (0.3 = 30% speed)

        # Calculate distance from edges
        dist_left = target_x
        dist_right = SCREEN_W - 1 - target_x
        dist_top = target_y
        dist_bottom = SCREEN_H - 1 - target_y

        # Find closest edge distance
        closest_x = min(dist_left, dist_right)
        closest_y = min(dist_top, dist_bottom)

        # Dampening: 1.0 when far from edge, MIN_DAMP at edge
        damp_x = (
            1.0
            if closest_x > EDGE_MARGIN
            else MIN_DAMP + (1.0 - MIN_DAMP) * (closest_x / EDGE_MARGIN)
        )
        damp_y = (
            1.0
            if closest_y > EDGE_MARGIN
            else MIN_DAMP + (1.0 - MIN_DAMP) * (closest_y / EDGE_MARGIN)
        )

        # Apply dampening (blend toward target more slowly near edges)
        damp = min(damp_x, damp_y)  # Use tightest dampening for corners

        # Apply cursor position update (only if not frozen)
        if not frozen:
            # Apply edge dampening to movement
            target_x_damped = cursor_x + (target_x - cursor_x) * damp
            target_y_damped = cursor_y + (target_y - cursor_y) * damp

            cursor_x = target_x_damped
            cursor_y = target_y_damped

            # Strictly clamp to screen bounds
            cursor_x = max(5, min(SCREEN_W - 5, cursor_x))
            cursor_y = max(5, min(SCREEN_H - 5, cursor_y))

            # Move cursor via GNOME Shell extension
            dbus_call("MoveTo", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))

        # Throttle to reduce jitter
        time.sleep(0.033)  # ~30fps

    cap.release()
    tracking_active = False
    logger.info("Tracking stopped.")

start_tracking 

start_tracking()

Start the head-tracking thread; returns (started, message).

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def start_tracking():
    """Start the head-tracking thread; returns (started, message)."""
    global tracking_active, tracking_thread, stop_event, frozen

    if tracking_active:
        return False, "Already tracking"

    frozen = False
    stop_event.clear()
    tracking_active = True
    tracking_thread = threading.Thread(target=run_tracking, daemon=True)
    tracking_thread.start()
    return True, "Tracking"

stop_tracking 

stop_tracking()

Signal the tracking thread to stop; returns (stopped, message).

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def stop_tracking():
    """Signal the tracking thread to stop; returns (stopped, message)."""
    global tracking_active, stop_event
    stop_event.set()
    tracking_active = False
    time.sleep(0.2)
    return True, "Stopped"

recalibrate 

recalibrate()

Reset calibration - will auto-calibrate on next frames.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def recalibrate():
    """Reset calibration - will auto-calibrate on next frames."""
    # center_yaw/pitch are in the tracking thread scope, so restart tracking
    if tracking_active:
        stop_tracking()
        time.sleep(0.3)
        start_tracking()
        return True, "Recalibrating"
    return False, "Not tracking"

handle 

handle(cmd, core)

Start/stop tracking or run a tracking command; None if not head-tracking.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def handle(cmd, core):
    """Start/stop tracking or run a tracking command; None if not head-tracking."""
    global cursor_x, cursor_y
    cmd_lower = cmd.lower()

    # Start tracking
    if any(
        w in cmd_lower for w in ["start tracking", "begin tracking", "enable tracking"]
    ):
        success, msg = start_tracking()
        core.speak(msg)
        if success:
            listen_for_tracking_commands(core)
        return True

    # Stop tracking
    if any(
        w in cmd_lower
        for w in [
            "stop tracking",
            "end tracking",
            "close tracking",
            "quit tracking",
            "disable tracking",
            "tracking off",
            "stop track",
        ]
    ):
        success, msg = stop_tracking()
        core.speak(msg)
        return True

    # Recalibrate
    if "recalibrate" in cmd_lower or "calibrate" in cmd_lower:
        success, msg = recalibrate()
        core.speak(msg)
        return True

    return None

listen_for_tracking_commands 

listen_for_tracking_commands(core)

Handle tracking commands until tracking stops or the mode ends.

Core owns the listening loop (see listen_modal) so the tray keeps working while tracking holds the microphone. The mode also ends as soon as the tracking thread is gone — a webcam that failed to open used to leave the user in a mode with nothing driving the cursor.

Source code in src/plugins/00_eyetrack.py 
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def listen_for_tracking_commands(core):
    """Handle tracking commands until tracking stops or the mode ends.

    Core owns the listening loop (see
    [`listen_modal`][core.main.EasySpeak.listen_modal]) so the tray keeps working while
    tracking holds the microphone. The mode also ends
    as soon as the tracking thread is gone — a webcam that failed to open used to
    leave the user in a mode with nothing driving the cursor.
    """
    global tracking_active, cursor_x, cursor_y, frozen

    SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H = get_screen_size()

    logger.info("Tracking mode: freeze, nudge, click, or stop tracking")

    for cmd_lower in core.listen_modal(
        "tracking",
        prompt=(
            "click double click right click freeze go nudge up down left "
            "right recalibrate stop tracking close cancel"
        ),
        timeout=10,
        idle_timeout=30,
    ):
        if not tracking_active:
            logger.info("Tracking stopped; leaving tracking mode")
            return

        logger.debug("  ← %s", cmd_lower)

        # Exit commands
        if any(
            w in cmd_lower
            for w in [
                "stop tracking",
                "end tracking",
                "close tracking",
                "stop",
                "cancel",
                "escape",
                "exit",
                "quit",
                "done",
            ]
        ):
            frozen = False
            stop_tracking()
            core.speak("Stopped")
            return

        # Freeze/Go
        if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["freeze", "free", "rees", "frees"]):
            frozen = True
            # "Frozen" contains none of the words that trigger this branch, so
            # hearing itself back can't freeze again.
            core.speak("Frozen")
            logger.debug("  → Frozen at (%d, %d)", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))
            continue

        if cmd_lower in ["go", "go go", "unfreeze", "resume", "track"]:
            frozen = False
            core.speak("Following")
            logger.debug("  → Resumed")
            continue

        # Nudge (only when frozen)
        if frozen and any(
            w in cmd_lower for w in ["nudge", "move", "up", "down", "left", "right"]
        ):
            if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["up", "north"]):
                cursor_y = max(0, cursor_y - NUDGE_AMOUNT)
            if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["down", "south"]):
                cursor_y = min(SCREEN_H - 1, cursor_y + NUDGE_AMOUNT)
            if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["left", "west"]):
                cursor_x = max(0, cursor_x - NUDGE_AMOUNT)
            if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["right", "east", "write"]):
                cursor_x = min(SCREEN_W - 1, cursor_x + NUDGE_AMOUNT)
            dbus_call("MoveTo", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))
            continue

        # Recalibrate
        if "recalibrate" in cmd_lower or "calibrate" in cmd_lower:
            frozen = False
            recalibrate()
            core.speak("Recalibrating")
            continue

        # Click commands
        if "double" in cmd_lower:
            dbus_call("DoubleClick", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))
            continue

        if any(w in cmd_lower for w in ["right click", "right-click", "write click"]):
            dbus_call("RightClick", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))
            continue

        if any(
            w in cmd_lower
            for w in ["click", "select", "press", "kick", "quick", "flick"]
        ):
            dbus_call("Click", int(cursor_x), int(cursor_y))
            continue